Journal of Economic Entomology (1998) 91, 618-623

Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer and Harry K. Kaya (1998)
Synergism of imidacloprid and an entomopathogenic nematode: A novel approach to white grub (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) control in turfgrass
Journal of Economic Entomology 91 (3), 618-623
Abstract: Combinations of the insecticide imidacloprid and entomopathogenic nematodes were tested for control of white grubs. In greenhouse tests, field-collected 3rd-instar white grubs were placed in pots with grass treated with imidacloprid, the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar), or both. Combinations of imidacloprid and nematodes had a strong synergistic effect on mortidity at imidacloprid concentrations ranging between 50 to 200 g (Al)/ha. This effect was observed when imidacloprid and the nematodes were applied at the same time or when imidacloprid was applied first followed by the nematodes 14 d later. The synergistic interaction occurred against a nematode-susceptible scarab species, Cyclocephala hirta LeConte, and against a more nematode-resistant scarab species, C. pasadenae Casey. ^-When infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora were agitated in solutions of imidacloprid for 24 h, no negatIve effect on their survival and infectivity was observed.
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Database assignments for author(s): Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer, Harry K. Kaya

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
formulation/storage of bioagents

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Cyclocephala hirta	Grasses/turf/rangeland
	Cyclocephala pasadenae	Grasses/turf/rangeland