International Journal of Tropical Insect Science (2021) 41, 3147-3153

Marwa M. Attia and Olfat A. Mahdy (2021)
Evaluation of the cell mediated immune responses using quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction during the infestation of Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus (Diptera: Oestridae) in equine
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 41 (4), 3147-3153
Abstract: Nasopharyngeal myasis in horses with Rhinoestrus species has been associated with irritation of nasal cavities; pharynx and olfactory nerve injuries have varying degrees of clinical signs of symptoms until the death of animals. The aim of this study is to determine the cellular immune response against the infestation of Rhinoestrus spp. Therefore, the collection of Rhinoestrus spp. and its turbinates' under aseptically condition. Morphological and molecular identification of the larvae to determine the larval species. Then; the turbinates' subjected to RNA extraction against Tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α) through using of quantitative Real- time PCR. In the first larval instar (L1); the intensity of the larvae was recorded in relation with the genes expression as the animals had 1-10 larvae the TNF-α means was 5.55 +/- 0.25. The animals that harbored 11-20 L1 the genes were 10.85 +/- 0.14 in TNF- α. In the second and third larval instar (L2); the intensity of the larvae was recorded in the relation with the gene expression. In conclusion, the gene was expressed regularly against the infestation to Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus that provoked with the production of several immunological cells such as mast cell; eosinophils; macrophages and lymphocytes.
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
resistance/tolerance/defence of host

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus		Egypt