International Journal of Pest Management (2002) 48, 291-296

F.R. Badenes-Perez, F.G. Zalom and W.J. Bentley (2002)
Effects of dormant insecticide treatments on the San Jose scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoids Encarsia perniciosi and Aphytis spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
International Journal of Pest Management 48 (4), 291-296
Abstract: Populations of the San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), and its parasitoids, Encarsia perniciosi (Tower) and Aphytis spp. were monitored with double-sided sticky tape and pheromone traps in an almond orchard. A total of 1.21 ha plots within the orchard were treated during winter dormancy with several insecticides, including horticultural mineral oil alone, oil combined with the organophosphate diazinon at different dilution rates, and oil combined with the pyrethroid esfenvalerate in a completely randomized block design. Higher volume diazinon applications (3750 and 1870 l ha^-1) proved effective against SJS crawlers, as did esfenvalerate. The higher volume applications had greater deposition on Kromecoat^® cards placed in the top of the tree canopy, where SJS is most abundant. The lower-volume (935 l ha^-1) application of diazinon provided control of first-generation crawlers similar to the other diazinon applications, but it was generally less effective in controlling subsequent generations. All insecticide treatments were associated with a reduction of parasitoid numbers, especially the esfenvalerate application.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Frank G. Zalom, Francisco R. Badenes-Perez, Walter Bentley

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
control - general
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
resistance to pesticides

---

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Diaspidiotus perniciosus	Almond (Prunus dulcis)
Encarsia perniciosi (parasitoid)	Diaspidiotus perniciosus	Almond (Prunus dulcis)