International Journal of Nematology (2004) 14, 13-18

D.I. Shapiro-Ilan, Randy Gaugler and Edwin E. Lewis (2004)
In vivo production of entomopathogenic nematodes
International Journal of Nematology 14 (1), 13-18
Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes (genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) kill insects with the aid of mutualistic bacteria.. The nematode-bacteria complex is mass-produced for use as biopesticides using in vivo or in vitro methods, i.e. solid or liquid fermentation. In vivo production (culture in live insect hosts) is low technology, has low startup costs, and resulting nematode quality is high, yet cost efficiency is low. In vivo production and solid culture may be improved through innovations in mechanization and streamlining. The following paper presents a review and analysis of in vivo production methods for entomopathogenic nematodes.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Database assignments for author(s): David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Edwin E. Lewis

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
rearing/culturing/mass production

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
Steinernema (genus - entomopathogens)
Heterorhabditis (genus - entomopathogens)