European Journal of Plant Pathology (2016) 145, 787-795

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Megumu Tanahashi, Takashi Nakano, Hajime Akamatsu, Motoichiro Kodama, Hiroshi Otani and Kumiko Osaki-Oka (2016)
Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (A. mali) causes black spot of European pear
European Journal of Plant Pathology 145 (4), 787-795
Abstract: A disease caused by Alternaria alternata occurred on the leaves of European pear cultivar Le Lectier in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and was named black spot of European pear. In conidial inoculation tests, the causal pathogen induced not only small black lesions on the leaves of European pear cultivar Le Lectier, but severe lesions on the leaves of apple cultivar Red Gold, which is susceptible to the A. alternata apple pathotype (previously called A. mali) causing Alternaria blotch of apple. Interestingly, the apple pathotype isolate showed the same pathogenicity as the European pear pathogen. HPLC analysis of the culture filtrates revealed that A. alternata causing black spot of European pear produced AM-toxin I, known as a host-specific toxin of the A. alternata apple pathotype. AM-toxin I induced veinal necrosis on leaves of Le Lectier and General Leclerc cultivars, both susceptible to the European pear pathogen, at 5 × 10-7 M and 10-6 M respectively, but did not affect leaves of resistant cultivars at 10-4 M. PCR analysis with primers that specifically amplify the AM-toxin synthetase gene detected the product of expected size in the pathogen. These results indicate that A. alternata causing black spot of European pear is identical to that causing Alternaria blotch of apple. This is the first report of European pear disease caused by the A. alternata apple pathotype. This study provides a multiplex PCR protocol, which could serve as a useful tool, for the epidemiological survey of these two diseases in European pear and apple orchards.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website


Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
general biology - morphology - evolution

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial Pest/Disease/Weed Crop/Product Country Quarant.


Alternaria alternata Pear (Pyrus) Japan
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