Environmental Entomology (1995) 24, 110-115

C.M. Felland, D.J. Biddinger and L.A. Hull (1995)
Overwintering emergence and trapping of adult Stethorus punctum punctum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Pennsylvania apple orchards
Environmental Entomology 24 (1), 110-115
Abstract: Emergence of adult Stethorus punctum punctum (LeConte) from overwintering sites in apple orchards was examined for 3 yr in Adams County, Pennsylvania. Emergence during the spring in cages placed over overwintered individuals occurred between 100 and 300 degree-days (DD) when temperature units were accumulated beginning 1 March. Fifty percent emergence occured at 210 DD_5°C. Emergence was 2.3, 46.7, and 95.8% complete by the half inch green, pink, and the petal fall stages of 'Yorking' apple development, respectively. Most adults emerged on days of average, minimum, and maximum air temperatures of 15-20, 5-15, and 20-30°C, respectively. Temperatures in overwintering habitat were similar to ambient air temperature. Counts in the tree canopy were highly correlated with capture in the emergence cages in a warm year, but were too low to relate to capture in the other two cooler years. Capture of adults on yellow sticky boards was an efficient monitoring method; first capture occurred at 20-30% emergence. Yellow traps were more effective than white, and addition of ammonium carbonate did not significantly increase capture with yellow traps, but inhibited capture with white traps.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
surveys/distribution/isolation
population dynamics/epizootiology

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
Stethorus punctum (predator)			U.S.A. (NE)