Environmental Entomology (1986) 15, 635-641

Bruce A. Barrett and Clive D. Jorgensen (1986)
Parasitoids of the western tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter elmaella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Utah apple orchards
Environmental Entomology 15 (3), 635-641
Abstract: Phyllonorycter elmaella Doganlar and Mutuura was sampled in 1983 from Utah apple orchards that had different spray programs and P. elmaella population histories. P. elmaella is multivoltine in Utah. Percent parasitism increased from the first to the third generations of fourth and fifth larval instars, then dropped in the overwintering (OW) generation. Dominant parasitoids were Sympiesis marylandensis Girault in P. elmaella generations one and three, and Pnigalio flavipes (Ashmead) in the second and OW generations. The parasitoid complex in Utah included six species, and all were ectoparasitic. All parasitoid species were found in the OW generation of P. elmaella.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Database assignments for author(s): Bruce A. Barrett

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
population dynamics/ epidemiology
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
surveys/distribution/isolation

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Phyllonorycter elmaella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (SW)
Sympiesis gordius (parasitoid)	Phyllonorycter elmaella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (SW)
Pnigalio minio (parasitoid)	Phyllonorycter elmaella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (SW)