Environmental Entomology (1983) 12, 692-696

Diane L. Mague and W. Harvey Reissig (1983)
Airborne dispersal of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), crawlers infesting apple
Environmental Entomology 12 (3), 692-696
Abstract: The aerial dispersal of San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), crawlers within the apple tree canopy and between trees was positively correlated with the seasonal abundance of crawlers on the bark. Airborne crawlers were significantly more abundant within the upper portions of the canopy and in the northeast and southeast quadrants. These data supported observations on variations in crawler density by location on the host and suggested that wind direction may have affected the distribution of crawlers dispersing aerially within the trees. The magnitude of aerial dispersal between trees was related to the levels of airborne dispersal within the canopy and the distance to the infested source.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
population dynamics/ epidemiology

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Diaspidiotus perniciosus	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (NE)