Entomophaga (1990) 35, 515-526

W.N.O. Hammond and P. Neuenschwander (1990)
Sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) by Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Nigeria
Entomophaga 35 (4), 515-526
Abstract: Following the successful introduction of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) for biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. in southwestern Nigeria in 1981 and 1982, 11 groups of cassava fields were sampled every 2 weeks up to 1988 for impact assessment. After 1984, CM populations remained mostly below 10 per tip despite the presence of native hyperparasitoids, demonstrating the long-term success of biological control by E. lopezi in the region. Indigenous polyphagous coccinellids were found only during peak host densities, whereas the specific E. lopezi was common throughout the year. During some periods, percentage parasitism indicated delayed density dependence. Since 89% of all sampled cassava tips had no CM at all and the parasitisme is very mobile, parasitization rates were also calculated for individual infested tips (N=4,878). Parasitism increased slightly with host density on tips having between 1 and 10 CM of the 3^rd and 4^th instars, indicating positive density dependence. Such tips comprised 64% of all infested tips. At higher host densities, parasitism rates fell rapidly. The results are discussed in view of different theories on population regulation by biological control agents.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Peter Neuenschwander

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
classical biocontrol/new introduction

---

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Phenacoccus manihoti	Cassava (Manihot esculenta)	Nigeria
Apoanagyrus lopezi (parasitoid)	Phenacoccus manihoti	Cassava (Manihot esculenta)	Nigeria