BioControl (1999) 44, 329-346

J. Köhl, C.H. Lombaers-van der Plas, W.M.L. Molhoek, G.J.T. Kessel and H.M. Goossen-Van Der Geijn (1999)
Competitive ability of the antagonists Ulocladium atrum and Gliocladium roseum at temperatures favourable for Botrytis spp. development
BioControl 44 (3), 329-346
Abstract: Ulocladium atrum and Gliocladium roseum are fungal antagonists capable of suppressing sporulation of Botrytis spp. on dead plant parts. The effect of temperature (3 to 36 °C) on antagonist conidial germination and mycelial growth was assessed on agar. In addition conidial germination of U. atrum was measured on dead lily leaves. The optimum temperature of both antagonists for both conidial germination and mycelial growth was between 27 and 30 °C. U. atrum was less affected by lower temperatures than G. roseum. At optimum temperature, 50% of conidia of U. atrum and G. roseum germinated within 2.6 and 10.0 hrs, respectively. At low sub-optimal temperatures (6 °C), 50% of conidia germinated within 18 and 96 hours, respectively.
In bioassays on dead onion leaves, U. atrum suppressed sporulation of B. cinerea and B. aclada at all temperatures tested (6 to 24 °C) by more than 85%. On dead cyclamen leaves, G. roseum was more efficient than U. atrum at 21 and 24 °C but, in contrast to U. atrum, showed no antagonistic activity at temperatures below 21 °C. On dead hydrangea leaves, U. atrum significantly reduced sporulation of B. cinerea at temperatures as low as 3 and 1 °C. Under Dutch growing conditions, the mean air temperature during leaf wetness periods in onion and lily fields was 15 °C with temperatures only occasionally above 20 °C. In greenhouse crops of cyclamen, the mean temperature during high humidity periods was 17 °C. It is therefore concluded that U. atrum is better adapted than G. roseum to temperatures which occur in the field, in greenhouse crops such as cyclamen, or during cold storage of plant stocks.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Jürgen Köhl, Geert J.T. Kessel

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
environment/habitat manipulation

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Botrytis cinerea		Netherlands
	Botrytis allii		Netherlands
Clonostachys rosea (antagonist)	Botrytis cinerea		Netherlands
Clonostachys rosea (antagonist)	Botrytis allii		Netherlands
Alternaria atra (antagonist)	Botrytis cinerea		Netherlands
Alternaria atra (antagonist)	Botrytis allii		Netherlands