Agronomy Journal (2019) 111, 2226-2231

Douglas J. Spaunhorst and Albert J. Orgeronb (2019)
Dry heat and exposure time influence divine nightshade and itchgrass seed emergence
Agronomy Journal 111 (5), 2226-2231
Abstract: In Louisiana, growers remove sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) residue following green-cane harvesting by prescribed burning. Divine nightshade [Solanum nigrescens (Mart. and Gal)] and itchgrass [Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton] are problematic weeds in Louisiana sugarcane production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dry heat and exposure duration on divine nightshade and itchgrass emergence. Divine nightshade and itchgrass seeds were exposed to three temperature levels (100, 150, and 200°C) for seven exposure timings (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 s). Exposure to 150 and 200°C for 5 to 20 s reduced divine nightshade emergence 6 to 29%. Divine nightshade emergence was not completely inhibited at 200°C for 160 s. However, itchgrass exposed to 150°C for 40 s or longer or to 200°C for 20 s or longer failed to emerge. Results from this study showed itchgrass seed could be controlled with dry heat, but prescribed burns that produced temperatures below 100°C or temperatures greater than 150°C for short durations may not control all divine nightshade seeds. The aforementioned temperature and exposure duration that allowed divine nightshade to survive introduced the potential for divine nightshade to become more abundant.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
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Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general
general biology - morphology - evolution

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (weed)	Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)	U.S.A. (mid S)
	Solanum nigrescens (weed)	Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)	U.S.A. (mid S)