Tomato brown rugose fruit virus

Tobamovirus • Virgaviridae • plant viruses • plant diseases • pests-diseases-weeds

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symptoms on tomato plants infected with the Israeli isolate of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (TBRFV-IL) - top row leaves, bottom row fruits (click on image to enlarge it)
Authors: Neta Luria et al.
Source: PLoS ONE, 2017, 12 (1) e0170429

particles of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (click on image to enlarge it)
Authors: Naama Levitzky et al.
Source: PLoS ONE, 2019, 14 (1) e0210871

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV)

This virus has been originally described from the Near East (Salem et al., 2016), but has been later also reported from Europe, the Americas and eastern Asia. The symptoms include leaf chlorosis, mosaic, narrow leaves and leaf deformations, as well as brown rugose and yellow spotted fruits. The fruits of infected plants are often unmarketable and the disease incidence in a field can reach 100%.

Like other tobamoviruses, ToBRFV is easily transmitted through mechanical contact. That means agricultural workers, tools and contaminated seeds. It can also spread through pollinating bumblebees (Levitzky et al., 2019).

The rod-shaped particles have a variable length, ranging from ~250 to 500 nm (average ~300 nm). They encapsulate a single stranded, positive sensed RNA genome with a size of 6.2 to 6.4kb which encodes four open reading frames.