Journal of Economic Entomology (2021) 114, 2277-2289

M. Portilla, P.A. Follett, J.W. Armstrong, J.G. Leesch, J.S. Tebbets, J. Smilanick, T.H. McHugh, C.W. Olsen, L. Whitehand, C. Cavaletto, H.C.S. Bittenbender, A.E. Bustillo and J.E. Peña (2021)
Risk assessment of ozone fumigation under vacuum to control potential infestation of coffee berry borer and coffee leaf rust in green coffee beans imported Into Hawaii
Journal of Economic Entomology 114 (6), 2277-2289
Abstract: Studies were conducted with ozone gas fumigation under vacuum as a methyl bromide alternative against life stages of coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and the urediniospores of coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome (Basidiomycota: Pucciniales) in green coffee, Coffea spp. L. Fumigation with 10,000 ppm O₃ gas under -25.4 mm Hg vacuum1 at 13.0 ± 3.0°C for 6.0 h killed all CBB larvae, pupae, and adults, but did not kill all CBB eggs (~15% survival). Mortality of CLR urediniospores was 100% within the first hour of the 6-h fumigation. Ozone fumigation had no adverse effects on coffee quality. Results indicated that CBB adult hitchhikers may be the only target life stage of quarantine concern, and additional studies focused on this stage. CBB adult survival and reproduction decreased significantly at moisture contents < 20%, and F₁ generation survival did not occur in green coffee at moisture contents < 15%. As the international standard for green coffee moisture content is 9–12%, adult CBB should not survive or reproduce in exported dry green coffee. Standard industry processing of harvested coffee cherries to the green coffee stage using either mechanical- or sun-drying eliminated CBB infestations from the field. A systems approach is recommended for exporting green coffee to control CBB and CLR that includes eliminating CBB life stages with standard processing methods, reducing moisture content to 9–12% to prevent egg deposition, survival or reproduction, and O₃ fumigation to ensure quarantine security against potential CBB adult hitchhikers.
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Database assignments for author(s): Maribel Portilla, Peter A. Follett, John W. Armstrong, James G. Leesch, Joseph L. Smilanick, Alex Enrique Bustillo

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
control - general
quarantine treatments/regulations/aspects

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Hypothenemus hampei	Coffee (Coffea)
	Hemileia vastatrix	Coffee (Coffea)