Thecodiplosis brachyntera
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Thecodiplosis brachyntera damage on Pinus mugo (click on image to enlarge it)
Author(s): Petr Kapitola, State Phytosanitary Administration
Source: IPM Images
Author(s): Petr Kapitola, State Phytosanitary Administration
Source: IPM Images
Thecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägrichen, 1835) - (needle-shortening pine gall midge)
This gall midge is widely distributed in Europe, causing galls on pine trees. Outbreaks have been periodically reported from different parts of Europe, which lead to defoliation and a reduced tree growth (e.g. see Glynn & Lindelöw, 2002).
The female midge lays eggs on the developing needles in spring and the emerging larvae feed at the base of the needles, forming galls. Frequently, several larvae can be found in one gall. The development of the larvae continues during the summer and the mature larvae overwinter in the galls. They pupate in early spring and the adult midges emerge shortly afterwards. The adults only live for a few days.
