Virus Genes (2014) 49, 304-311

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Charith Raj Adkar-Purushothama, Poornachandra Rao Kanchepalli, Sreenivasa Marikunte Yanjarappa, Zhixiang Zhang and Teruo Sano (2014)
Detection, distribution, and genetic diversity of Australian grapevine viroid in grapevines in India
Virus Genes 49 (2), 304-311
Abstract: Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) is a viroid specific to grapevine with the least records in the world till date. Here, we report for the first time the presence of AGVd in grapevines in Indian sub-continent. The overall infection rate of AGVd in major grapevine producing areas in India was 9.3 %, which is conspicuously higher than the other regions of the world except for Tunisia and Iran. To understand the AGVd diversity in India, the genetic divergence was examined based on the disparity in the cultivars and the locations. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the existence of five major AGVd variants in India besides other 44 minor variants implying the "quasi-species" nature. Further, sequence alignment of all the Indian AGVd variants along with Australian type species underscored the presence of eleven mutation points which are archetypal for Indian AGVd, irrespective of the region, and cultivar of grapevines. Plotting of Indian AGVd sequence variants against Australian type species unveiled that all these eleven mutations are distributed on upper and lower left terminal and pathogenicity regions of the molecule. Phylogenetic analysis divulged all the major Indian AGVd variants formed two distinct clusters, suggesting the two separate evolutionary lineages of AGVd in Indian viticulture.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Teruo Sano

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
surveys/sampling/distribution
molecular biology - genes

Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial Pest/Disease/Weed Crop/Product Country Quarant.


Australian grapevine viroid Grapevine (Vitis) India
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