Journal of Chemical Ecology (2001) 27, 697-715

Gladwin Joseph, Rick G. Kelsey, Robert W. Peck and Chris G. Niwa (2001)
Response of some scolytids and their predators to ethanol and 4-allylanisole in pine forests of central Oregon
Journal of Chemical Ecology 27 (4), 697-715
Abstract: Lindgren multiple funnel traps were set up in pine forests of central Oregon to determine the response of scolytid bark beetles to ethanol and 4-allylanisole (4AA). Traps were baited with two release rates of ethanol (4.5 or 41.4 mg/hr) and three release rates of 4AA (0, 0.6, or 4.3 mg/hr) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. All traps also released a 1:1 mixture of alpha-and ß-pinene at 11.4 mg/hr. Of 13,396 scolytids caught, Dendroctonus valens made up 60%, Hylurgops spp. 18.5%, Ips spp. 16%, Hylastes spp. 1.8%, Ganthotrichus retusus 0.9%, and bark beetle predators another 2.8%. Increasing the release rate of ethanol in the absence of 4AA increased the number of most scolytid species caught by 1.5-3.7 times, confirming its role as an attractant. Ips latidens, Temnochila chlorodia, and clerid predators were exceptions and did not show a response to higher ethanol release rates. Release of 4AA at the lowest rate inhibited attraction of most scolytids, with a significant reduction in G. retusus, Hylastes macer, and Hylurgops porosus when compared to traps without 4AA. A high release rate of 4AA further inhibited responses for most beetles compared to low 4AA. Seven species were significantly deterred by high 4AA, including the latter three, and Hylastes longicollis, Hylastes nigrinus, Hylurgops reticulatus, and Ips latidens. Exceptions include Hylurgops subcostulatus, which was significantly attracted to both low and high 4AA, and I. pini, which was attracted to low and high 4AA in combination with low ethanol, but unaffected by either release of 4AA with high ethanol. Dendroctonus valens was significantly attracted to low 4AA and unaffected by high 4AA. Predators appeared to be less inhibited by 4AA than most bark beetles. Although 4AA can deter the attraction of some secondary bark beetles to ethanol in combination with alpha- and ß-pinene, this inhibition could be weakened for certain species by increasing ethanol release rates. 4-Allylanisole may have some utility for managing the behavior of secondary bark beetles sensitive to this compound.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)
Link to article at publishers website
Database assignments for author(s): Rick G. Kelsey

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
pheromones/attractants/traps
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
environment/habitat manipulation

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Ips latidens	Pine (Pinus)	U.S.A. (NW)