Verticillium dahliae
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Author(s): Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University
Source: IPM Images
Verticillium dahliae Klebahn - (Verticillium wilt)
The species is a soil-borne fungus which causes serious wilt diseases on many hosts, including vegetables and field crops. It has a world-wide distribution, but is especially important in temperate regions. The microsclerotial form of the fungus (consisting of melanized hyphae) can remain viable in the soil for more than 20 years.
The most important crops affected by this species are potato, cotton, olive, tomato, eggplant, strawberry, pepper/chilli, rape/canola, cabbage, artichoke, mint and melon. On cotton, annual yield losses of 0.5-3.5% have been estimated nationwide in the U.S. and up to 7% in other regions.
| Vernacular names | |
|---|---|
| • Deutsch: | Verticillium-Welke |
| • English: | Verticillium wilt |
| • Français: | flétrissure verticillienne |
| • Português: | murcha-de-Verticillium |
The fungus enters the plant through the roots and causes blockage of the vascular system, leading to wilting and eventually plant death. For management, crop rotation and resistant cultivars are recommended. The use of fungicides is usually not considered economical.
Conidia are ovoid or elliptical in shape, smooth-walled, non-septate, around 3.5-6.5 x 3-4 µm large. No sexual stage is known. The fungus also forms melanized microsclerotia, about 25–100 µm large, which can survive in the soil for many years.
For details see the respective page in BugwoodWiki.
- Other images of Verticillium dahliae (IPM Images and PLoS ONE - click to enlarge)
vascular discoloration of smoketree (Cotinus)
colony after 14 days on PDA, 6a = frontal view, 6b = reverse view (scales = 2 cm)
6c) inflated cells present in mycelium after 28 days on PDA (scale = 20 µm), 6d) conidiophore after 15 days on WA-p (scale = 50 µm), 6e) branched conidiophore after 12 days on WA-p (scale = 50 µm)
6f) whorl phialide after 25 days on WA-p, 6g) solitary phialide after 14 days on PDA, 6h) conidia after 9 days on PDA (scales = 20 µm)
6i) microsclerotia after 12 days on WA-p, 6j) microsclerotia of the V. dahliae holotype material from stem of Dahlia sp. 6k) hypha attached to microsclerotium after 49 days on PDA (scales = 20 µm)
