Environmental Entomology (1972) 1, 481-484

R.E. Dolphin, M.L. Cleveland, T.E. Mouzin and R.K. Morrison (1972)
Releases of Trichogramma minutum and T. cacoeciae in an apple orchard and the effects on populations of codling moths
Environmental Entomology 1 (4), 481-484
Abstract: Continuous releases of a local strain of Trichogramma minutum Riley (in 1966, 1967, 1968) and of T. cacoeciae Marchal (in 1968) were made in portions of an apple orchard during the period when adult codling moths, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), were .present. In 1966, at harvest, fruit from the treated trees contained 27-34 larvae per 100 fruit; fruit from untreated trees contained 102-122 per 100 fruit. In 1967, 15.0% of the apples in the release area were injured at harvest compared with slightly less than 19.4% in the untreated check. In 1968, although the eggs of the codling moth and of the redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), introduced into the release trees were 46-75 % parasitized, 83.2-92.8 % of the apples on the treated trees were infested or damaged at harvest.
(The abstract is excluded from the Creative Commons licence and has been copied with permission by the publisher.)

Research topic(s) for pests/diseases/weeds:
biocontrol - natural enemies
Research topic(s) for beneficials or antagonists:
inundative/inoculative release

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Pest and/or beneficial records:

Beneficial	Pest/Disease/Weed	Crop/Product	Country	Quarant.
	Cydia pomonella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (NE)
	Argyrotaenia velutinana	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (NE)
Trichogramma cacaeciae (parasitoid)	Cydia pomonella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (NE)
Trichogramma minutum (parasitoid)	Cydia pomonella	Apple (Malus)	U.S.A. (NE)